Psychophysiological Responses to Childhood Trauma in Adulthood - A Review

Abstract

Background: In this review, the impacts of childhood trauma are examined, and how they influence the thoughts and behaviors of most adults. Some people are resilient and develop proper coping mechanisms against it with the help of immediate therapeutic counsel. Many indulge in maladaptive coping strategies that do more harm than good. These strategies commonly occur in many anxiety disorders alongside symptoms that fit diagnostic criteria. However, this review will indicate that the impacts of trauma should not be confused with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Methodology: Multiple studies and articles surrounding the topic of trauma and its signs were selected for this review and compiled for a better understanding of the consequences of trauma.

Results: Previous studies have shown that trauma comes in many forms, each damaging to a child's upbringing, from neglect to sexual abuse. There are several types of traumas, each caused by numerous reasons and originating from different backgrounds, but there is a clear distinction between each that is elaborated. Without properly monitoring the conditions, the mental and biological state of the human body can worsen, and the child can develop severe mental illnesses such as depression.

Conclusion: The literature has provided multiple psychotherapies and intervention techniques that would treat various conditions and focus on improving well-being based on their effectiveness and research on evaluating treatment for stress responses. The available literature has been examined, and responses occurring in emotional, physical, cognitive, behavioral, and social categories are delineated. Suggestions for future research are also discussed in this paper.