Frequency and risk factors of fibromyalgia among physical and occupational therapists: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Work-related stress, poor decision-making tendencies, and workplace bullying have been linked to an increased risk of fibromyalgia (FM). Occupational and Physical Therapists, due to the physically demanding nature of their roles, are particularly vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal issues. This study aimed to assess the frequency of fibromyalgia among these professionals and identify associated risk factors.

Methodology: A total of 97 Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists from a hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, participated in the study. Participants were assessed using the 2016 Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria to determine the frequency of FM and associated clinical characteristics.

Results: Of the 97 participants, 44 were Physical Therapists (45.4%) and 53 were Occupational Therapists (54.6%), with a mean age of 32.13 ± 6.479 years. The Widespread Pain Index (WPI) showed that 66.0% had minimal pain (WPI = 0-3), 19.6% had moderate pain (WPI = 4-6), and 14.4% had severe pain (WPI ≥7). Regarding symptom severity, 26.8% had symptoms lasting over 3 months. Nine females (9.3%) met the criteria for FM, with a higher prevalence among Occupational Therapists (15.1%) compared to Physical Therapists (2.3%). No male participants were diagnosed with FM. Statistically significant differences were found in FM scores based on gender (p = 0.045) and profession (p = 0.030).

Conclusion: The frequency of fibromyalgia among Physical and Occupational Therapists was 9.3%, with a higher prevalence among female Occupational Therapists. Further research is needed to explore the medical and psychological risk factors for FM in this group. Additionally, workplace dynamics and awareness of FM symptoms are critical for early detection and intervention to improve well-being.