Biofeedback and Caloric Strategies: Enhancing Resilience and Reducing Burnout in Overweight Working Women in Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a growing public health challenge, especially among working women, who face unique pressures related to societal expectations and workplace demands. These pressures contribute to stress, burnout, and metabolic health issues, necessitating holistic interventions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of combined caloric restriction and biofeedback, with a focus on empowerment, in enhancing resilience and reducing burnout among overweight working women in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental interventional study was conducted involving 50 overweight working women (BMI > 25), aged 25–45 years. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving caloric restriction (CR) alone, and the other receiving caloric restriction combined with biofeedback and empowerment training (CR+B). Key outcomes, including BMI, glucose levels, leptin levels, stress (Perceived Stress Scale), burnout (Burnout Diagnostic Inventory), and societal pressures, were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Paired t-tests and chi-square tests were applied for statistical analysis.

Results: The intervention produced significant improvements across both groups, with greater benefits observed in the CR+B group. Mean BMI decreased from 31.2 to 27.8 kg/m² (p < 0.03), fasting glucose levels improved from 118.4 to 96.3 mg/dL (p < 0.02), and leptin levels reduced from 25.7 to 16.5 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Psychological markers improved significantly, with stress (PSS) scores decreasing by 38.6% and burnout (BDI) scores dropping by 42.1% in the CR+B group (p < 0.01). Peer pressure perception decreased by 50%, and workplace productivity increased by 45.7% in the CR+B group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study highlights the synergistic effects of combining caloric restriction with biofeedback and empowerment strategies. By addressing metabolic health, psychological resilience, and societal pressures, this intervention offers a comprehensive framework for improving the well-being of working women in resource-limited settings.