Understanding Multispecies Biofilm development on Dental Prostheses and its impact on Systemic Health: A Preliminary Investigation.

Abstract

Background: Dental health is intricately linked to overall systemic well-being, with microbial imbalances in the oral cavity often associated with systemic disorders. Multispecies biofilm development on dental prostheses is a potential reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms, exacerbating oral health complications in individuals with systemic conditions. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between multispecies biofilm development on dental prostheses and systemic disorders, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and anxiety, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Methodology: A cohort of 55 patients participated in the study, allowing for comprehensive isolation of dental prostheses followed by microbial analysis.

Results: Our findings revealed a heightened microbial presence in diabetic patients, with notable percentages in Aerobic Plate Count (APC) (80%) and Yeast Count (YC) (73%). However, correlation analysis indicated a weak association between microbial presence and diabetes. Notably, diabetic patients exhibited dominance in microbial species, including Candida (69.4%), Streptococcus (S) (68%), Mutans (70.2%), Staphylococcus (70.8%), Actinomyces (68.1%), and Pseudomonas (P) aeruginosa (74%). Hypertensive patients displayed a moderate microbial presence (APC: 12%, YC: 9.70%), with varied percentages for different microbes, correlating negatively with hypertension. Conversely, anxiety patients exhibited a modest microbial presence (APC: 4.46%, YC: 3.70%) with a negative correlation. Furthermore, cardiovascular patients demonstrated minimal microbial colonization (APC: 0.17%, absent yeast) with varying percentages for different microbes. SEM analysis of biofilms unveiled dense structures on prosthesis surfaces, comprising cocci, coccobacilli, and bacilli-shaped bacteria.

Conclusion: This research significantly advances our understanding of the microbial landscape associated with diverse health conditions, providing valuable insights for developing targeted interventions in oral health management.