Annals of Psychophysiology
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Advance Educational Institute & Research Centreen-USAnnals of Psychophysiology2410-1354The physical manifestations of stress among the Medical Students of TSMU, Georgia: An Original Study
https://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/app/article/view/579
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Medical students experience stress due to their daily routines, which tend to be responsible for higher burnout rates. The mental stress experienced by these students manifests itself in various physical situations. As a result, they might acquire various coping strategies with positive and negative outcomes.</p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A survey was designed and circulated among the medical students of TSMU, Georgia, with questions to collect data related to the subject.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>In the conducted survey, a total number of 203 responses was recorded. A majority, 65.5% (n=133) were females. The percentage of male participants in the survey was 34.5%. This study aims to observe the various physical manifestations of stress in pre-clinical and clinical year medical students from Tbilisi State Medical University. Multiple factors like age, year of study, prior medical conditions, etc., were considered to understand how physical manifestations exhibit themselves and how the different stress levels worsen them.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study proves the prevalence of various physical manifestations of stress among medical students. The highest percentage was reported among the age group of 22, with female students being more affected. First-year students also experienced increased stress due to adaptability issues.</p>Gayathri Pramil MenonAarsha AjiNiveditha SelvakumarRohit VassanRanjan Tejas VenkannaMaduri Balasubramanian
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2023-06-012023-06-01101010710.29052/2412-3188.v10.i1.2023.01-07Changes in muscle tension patterns predicting the start of nocturnal leg cramps: A pilot study
https://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/app/article/view/580
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Although it is assumed that nocturnal leg cramps (NLC) are based on actual muscle cramps, no articles show that nocturnal leg cramps are preceded by changes in surface electromyograms (SEMG), which might indicate that a natural muscle cramp is occurring. This exploratory pilot study was designed to identify patterns of calf muscle activity before the onset of subjects' awakenings with pain associated with nocturnal leg cramps (NLC) to establish a precursor relationship between changes in muscle tension and the start of NLCs.</p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Participants' relative calf muscle activity patterns during nighttime sleep were recorded for the entire night using a wireless ambulatory device on one night when subjects awakened with a leg cramp and one when there was no awakening. When the six issues awakened with pain from a leg cramp in the calf being recorded, relative muscle tension patterns were analyzed from 30 minutes before to 30 minutes after the awakening. These patterns were compared with 60-minute recordings on days when four subjects did not awaken with pain.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>All six participants were women between the ages of 23 and 56 (mean of 48 with SD of 13) who met the criteria for and had histories of nocturnal leg cramps for between 4 and 15 years (mean of 10 with SD = 4). All six had significant increases in patterns of relative muscle tension not associated with patterns of movement for an average of 41 seconds (SD 11) before awakening with pain (mean increase of 217%, SD 157, rang 100% - 500% with spikes having a mean of 250% above baseline, mean 251, range 200 – 800%). Relative muscle tension remained nearly twice the original baseline for about 50 seconds after a painful awakening and did not return to pre-occurrence levels for up to 20 minutes.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As Muscle tension changed before subjects were awakened by pain, the change in tension is not a reaction to the pain. The signal did not contain movement artifacts, so the change reflects a precursor to the pain, and nocturnal leg cramps are likely caused by muscle tension. Further research using a calibrated device to record microvolts objectively is in progress to confirm these initial findings.</p>Jacqueline L. Chaney Richard A. Sherman
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2023-06-012023-06-01101081110.29052/2412-3188.v10.i1.2022.08-11The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction with Resilience in Students
https://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/app/article/view/581
<p><strong>Background:</strong> This paper aims to investigate the strength of the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction with Resilience among college students living in Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan.</p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Inform consent was taken from the participants before using a purposive sampling technique. They were categorized into two groups: one hundred males (n = 100) and one hundred females (n = 100). The participants were selected from Government Boys Degree College, Government Girls Degree College of Turbat, and the University of Turbat, District Kech, Balochistan. After obtaining consent, the following questionnaires were administered: a Demographic Sheet, Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SREIT), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and Trait Resilience Checklist (TRC).</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study verified that Emotional Intelligence and life satisfaction with resilience have a positive correlation. Finally, recommendations and limitations have been put forward according to the study results.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study has demonstrated a strong positive relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction with Resilience. The findings underscore the significance of emotional intelligence in promoting overall life satisfaction and resilience in this population.</p>Shakir AliSaima Masoom AliAsbah Zia
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2023-06-012023-06-01101122010.29052/2412-3188.v10.i1.2022.12-20Effectiveness of Eidetic Psychotherapy on Psychosomatic Symptoms in Adults with Anxious Attachment Style
https://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/app/article/view/582
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Individuals exhibiting an Anxious Attachment Style often experience more severe Psychosomatic Symptoms compared to those with other insecure attachment styles. These symptoms can lead to a diminished quality of life and impaired functioning. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Eidetic Psychotherapy as a psychological intervention for managing Psychosomatic Symptoms in Adults with Anxious Attachment Style. We hypothesized that there would be a significant reduction in Psychosomatic Symptoms following therapeutic intervention sessions.</p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The sample consisted of 15 adults, including 7 males and 8 females (Mean Age = 20.27, SD = 1.36), recruited from academic institutes in Islamabad, Pakistan, using purposive sampling. A pre-and post-experimental design was employed, with the Revised Adult Attachment Scale - Close Relationship Version (RAAS; Collins, 1996) used for initial screening. The Psychosomatic Symptoms Scale (PSS-35; Vulić-Prtorić, 2021) was administered at the baseline. Eight to twelve individual therapy sessions were conducted with the participants, and levels of Psychosomatic Symptoms were reassessed post-intervention using PSS-35. Paired-sample t-tests were employed to compare mean differences.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of pre-test and post-test scores revealed a significant decrease in both the frequency (t = 3.20, p = .006) and severity (t = 3.09, p = .008) of Psychosomatic Symptoms among the study participants.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consequently, Eidetic Psychotherapy emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for enhancing the well-being of individuals suffering from Psychosomatic Symptoms associated with anxious attachment.</p>Janeeta SohailZaofishan QureshiAfia MisriShahzadi Siddiqa Kayani
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2023-06-012023-06-01101213310.29052/2412-3188.v10.i1.2022.21-33Attachment Styles and Their Impact on Sleep Disturbances and Dissociation in Adults: A Comprehensive Study
https://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/app/article/view/583
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Attachment theory posits that early attachment experiences significantly shape an individual's emotional well-being and relationships throughout life. This study explores the complex relationships between attachment styles, sleep disturbances, and dissociation in adults.</p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A sample of 50 participants with varying attachment styles was surveyed using standardized measures of attachment, sleep disturbances, and dissociation. Statistical analysis, including correlation tests, was conducted to investigate the relationships between these variables.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate a strong positive correlation between anxious attachment and sleep disturbances, highlighting the lasting impact of childhood attachment experiences on sleep quality. Surprisingly, a negative relationship between anxious attachment and dissociation was observed, underscoring the intricate nature of attachment-related coping strategies.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the enduring consequences of early attachment experiences, emphasizing their influence on adult well-being. Recognizing these connections is vital for mental health professionals and practitioners in tailoring interventions to address attachment-related challenges. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of these relationships and refine therapeutic strategies.</p>Areeja ShahidSaima Masoom Ali
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2023-06-012023-06-01101344310.29052/2412-3188.v10.i1.2022.34-43Psychophysiological Responses to Childhood Trauma in Adulthood - A Review
https://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/app/article/view/584
<p><strong>Background:</strong> In this review, the impacts of childhood trauma are examined, and how they influence the thoughts and behaviors of most adults. Some people are resilient and develop proper coping mechanisms against it with the help of immediate therapeutic counsel. Many indulge in maladaptive coping strategies that do more harm than good. These strategies commonly occur in many anxiety disorders alongside symptoms that fit diagnostic criteria. However, this review will indicate that the impacts of trauma should not be confused with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.</p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Multiple studies and articles surrounding the topic of trauma and its signs were selected for this review and compiled for a better understanding of the consequences of trauma.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Previous studies have shown that trauma comes in many forms, each damaging to a child's upbringing, from neglect to sexual abuse. There are several types of traumas, each caused by numerous reasons and originating from different backgrounds, but there is a clear distinction between each that is elaborated. Without properly monitoring the conditions, the mental and biological state of the human body can worsen, and the child can develop severe mental illnesses such as depression.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The literature has provided multiple psychotherapies and intervention techniques that would treat various conditions and focus on improving well-being based on their effectiveness and research on evaluating treatment for stress responses. The available literature has been examined, and responses occurring in emotional, physical, cognitive, behavioral, and social categories are delineated. Suggestions for future research are also discussed in this paper.</p>Ayesha FaisalMaryum FirdousHafiza Fatima Zehra
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2023-06-012023-06-01101455410.29052/2412-3188.v10.i1.2023.44-53